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conclusions of the 16 Meeting of the World Heritage Ana Luengo in her article World Heritage Agricultural
th
Committee in 1992, where general categories were Landscapes recalls in particular the very important
defined (see above). common semantic origin of the terms culture and
cultivation and mentions the numerous social contexts
After ten years of experience with cultural landscape of agricultural landscapes. Pierre-Marie Tricaud is more
nominations (2003), an analytical document was specific in his article Agricultural Landscapes in a World
prepared by P. J. Fowler at the initiative of the World Heritage Context, in which he discusses the infinite
Heritage Centre; this analysed the trends in nominations diversity of agricultural systems. The article divided
for cultural landscapes for the period 1992-2002 , since as these up from different perspectives, from which for
of 2002 there were already 30 such properties on the List. our comparison the division according to the general
Moreover, even at that time Fowler’s study showed that of characteristics of crops and products is also important,
the World Heritage List properties registered before 1992 so we here present the whole list: basic foods (cereals,
(that is, by recognizing "cultural landscapes as specifics"), tubers), fruit-bearing plants and woody plants, from
a further 70 had features of a cultural landscape, although which other products, including alcoholic beverages, can
previously they could not be so nominated and entitled). be obtained from most of the juices by fermentation; oil
In his summaries, P.J. Fowler predicted great interest in plants(olives, sunflowers), high sugar plants (cane, sugar
this type of nomination and estimated another hundred beet, etc.); stimulants containing alkaloids (coffee, tea,
over the next decade. The methodological scope of this cocoa, tobacco), which require a number of subsequent
material goes far beyond the details that can be directly processes (drying of leaves, roasting of beans, etc.).
related to the comparison of the hop landscape, but it is
important also to place our study in this context. According to P. M. Tricaud, other large groups of
agricultural landscapes are those specializing in a textile
P.J. Fowler concluded his work with a set of 12 clear base (flax, hemp, cotton, jute, etc.) and landscapes with
recommendations on how to proceed on cultural ruminants which provide milk, meat, leather, but at the
landscapes; even 18 years later these remain valid: Long same time provide a significant amount of energy as
before the wording of the "UNESCO Recommendation on working and load-carrying animals and are irreplaceable
Historic Urban Landscape (2011)," he here recommended within agro-grazing systems.
viewing smaller historic towns in particular as distinctive
"urban landscapes" with their own character (which in From the point of view of the image of a cultural
the case of the property being nominated is very well landscape, various land-use systems, or rather the 167
represented by the panoramically distinctive urban degree of landscaping necessary for the purposes of more
landscape component of the town of Žatec). One of intensive agricultural production, are very important.
the recommendations even then appealed for the In this respect, there are also well-known artificial
involvement of local communities in the preparation production terraces on the World Heritage List, usually
of the nomination and in the subsequent care of visually spectacular in their scope and various slopes
such a landscape, which was perfectly fulfilled in the of hills and mountains (rice terraces in the Philippines,
case of Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops. From vineyard terraces in Italian sloping landscapes, the
a methodological point of view, the key recommendation interesting terraces of the African Konso nation and
is number 11, which states inter alia: region). There are numerous agricultural landscapes
with sophisticated water-use systems, including artificial
"...before too many more nominations of continuing canals or aqueducts (rice fields, landscapes with olives
agricultural landscapes are proposed, in particular from and vineyards in Palestine, the archaeologized or partly
Europe, a series of regional thematic studies of farming derelict landscapes of old coffee plantations or terraces
landscapes (pastoral and arable) should be made with with olive trees and vineyards. Of visual significance are
a view to a global overview providing criteria on how to farming systems in fields surrounded by masonry walls
distinguish in World Heritage terms potential cultural (e.g. vineyards on the island of Pico).
landscapes resulting from the commonest land-use in the
world". In the concluding part, the author again states that
for products and commodities that are grown in
A special review number World Heritage No. 69, several countries or even in several regions of the
released in 2013, can undoubtedly be taken as part of world, it is difficult to determine "which are the more
such recommended analytical work. It dealt with the representative, emblematic or exceptional landscapes
basic comparison of agricultural landscapes as being in each type". This thematic issue of World Heritage
unequivocally landscape-cultural. In addition to a few Revue thus confirmed that the themes of productive
more detailed examples of landscapes, it contains landscapes, important for the nomination of Žatec
two inspiring general articles that greatly helped the and the Landscape of Saaz Hops still have many open
way of looking at the optimal form of comparison for questions and global thematic studies are not yet
the nominated Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops available. Even with the passage of the next few years,
property for the World Heritage List. it turns out that the study of the interconnection of