Page 202 - UNESCO_Zatec_2021_A4

Individual plantations exist in varying states coffee landscape are also on the sloping terrain; here
preservation, from the restored La Isabelica coffee there is a closer connection between the property and
plantation museum to plantation ruins which are the contours of the landscape. The Colombian case
nothing more than archaeological sites. Typically, therefore emphasizes the durability and uniqueness
plantations included the owner’s house, terraced drying of its crop in difficult topographical conditions. The
floors, production areas for milling and roasting, and nature of the coffee tree, the progressive harvesting
workers’ quarters. On the larger plantations, there are and preparation of the harvested berries are of
other out buildings, such as workshops. The wet-pulping a different nature than the clear seasonal harvesting
coffee processing system, developed exclusively by the and processing of hops. It is a completely different
French, required a specific hydraulic infrastructure of agricultural landscape, although the OUV does include
cisterns, aqueducts and viaducts which are still visible a combination of the attributes of rural and urban
in the landscape. Surviving vegetation illustrates the areas.
integration of coffee growing shaded by the natural
forest or under fruit trees, as well as the French-style 3. GEDEO CULTURAL LANDSCAPE (TL)
formal gardens that integrated local flora.
Gedeo is located in the southern part of Ethiopia.
3. Justification for Inscription plantations in the south-eastern part of Cuba differs landscape of Gedeo has many aspects, an agroforestry
Gedeo is very well known for its autonomous land use
system based on indigenous knowledge. The cultural
The archaeological landscape of the first coffee
system has developed here, which is considered
from the others being compared in that it protects the
archaeological remains of the first coffee plantations as
a sustainable land use system with a high population
density of more than 1,300 people per km and has
an expression of a fossil (fossilized) landscape whose
2
a rich biodiversity. The agroforestry components
process reached its end-point. The Cuban property
include coffee, banana trees, baobabs and root crops.
emphasizes the importance of bearing witness to the
Each plant occupies distinct layers of the vertical
remains left by this former activity, protecting the
remnants of the economic and social history of the
Caribbean and Latin America.
system has evolved over a long period of time without
significant deterioration and loss of biodiversity, as it
The nominated property in the Žatec region is a living space of the plant community. The Gedeo agroforestry
is based on indigenous knowledge of environmental
production landscape representing the result of management and land use. It is a property of
202 a centuries-old, successful process, which has constantly a completely different nature from the hop landscape
and variously intensively concerned the urban community of the nominated property.
and was complemented by village activities, and focused
mainly on seasonal cooperation with urban processors
and growers. VI. TEA PLANTATIONS
Tea, like hops, is a cultural plant, bred thanks to the
2. COFFEE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF COLOMBIA knowledge and skills of the locals passed down through
(WHL) generations. It is grown in suitable climatic and natural
The Colombian property is an example of a productive conditions, especially in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
cultural landscape that is a strong symbol for coffee Most plantations are located in China, Japan, India,
growing regions around the world. It is a serial Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Java and Sumatra. Unlike hops, it does
property, comprising six agricultural landscapes, not need structural supports to grow, but, like hops, it
including 18 urban centres on the foothills of the does require a higher proportion of manual labour. Large
western and central ranges of the Cordillera de terraced plantations are used to grow tea, in contrast to the
los Andes in the west of the country. It reflects clearly defined boundaries of hop fields.
a centennial tradition of coffee growing on small plots
in the high forest and the way farmers have adapted Tea leaves are the basic raw material for tea preparation,
cultivation to difficult mountain conditions. The urban but buds and roots are also processed. Unlike hops,
areas, mostly situated on relatively flat hilltops above tea leaves are harvested several times a year, with the
sloping fields, are characterized by the architecture first harvest in spring and the last in September. The
of Antioquian colonization with Spanish influence. collection of leaves is gradual and the landscape of tea
Building materials were, and remain in some areas, plantations has, in contrast to the hop field landscape,
cob and pleated cane for the walls with clay tiles for significant visual stability.
the roofs.
The processing both crops is similar, occurring after
The Colombian property represents production the harvest, when it is necessary to dry both harvested
closely linked to rural life, based on family coffee- crops, which brings with it considerable requirements
producing farms and other processes taking place in for space. Further processing of tea is different from
the landscape. The layout of the villages matches the hop processing (rolling, fermentation, drying, roasting
sloping conditions, the numerous smaller towns of the or smoking, sorting).