Page 204 - UNESCO_Zatec_2021_A4

2. OLIVE GROVE LANDSCAPES OF ANDALUSIA (TL) Another distinguishing feature of the olive groves being
In the future, olives are to be symbolized by an ambitious prepared for nomination is that they are held mainly
plan from Spain, which in its own Tentative List plans to by small owners (At present, 820 oil factories/mills are
nominate a property under the name of The Olive Grove operated in Andalusia, representing 47.2 % of all current
Landscapes of Andalusia as one of the main symbols of mills in Spain). References in the text relate to whole
the cultural identity of Andalusia and the Mediterranean. production provinces rather than to a specific town.

Although regular and sometimes relatively tall olive Due to their genuinely huge area and small-scale
groves and younger plantations represent similar "cubic" production processes, olive grove areas have not come to
formations in the landscape, as do hop fields for part of be identified with a single town, since processing still had
the year (both those with supporting rods and modern the nature of family farms and factories, and therefore
ones with wire trellises), olive landscapes cannot be more it was the names of production provinces that were
widely compare with a hop landscape. Both the tree mentioned in trade relations. The theme of olives in the
species themselves and the seasonality of the harvest are planned Andalusia nomination therefore a rural one.
different, as is the nature of the handling of the harvested
3. Justification for Inscription The planned future nomination associated with the processing olives and has a property on the Tentative
olives.
3. AYVALIK INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE (TL)
Coincidentally, Turkey has a tradition of growing and
List with the interesting name of the Ayvalik Industrial
olive-growing heritage intends - similar to the Žatec
and the Landscape of Saaz Hops nomination - to prove
Landscape.
that the phenomenon of the "olive grove" has gone far
Ayvalik is an important trading port, whose activities
beyond its traditional definition. It is also a basis for the
are based on the olive industry, which has been in
development of economic activities, research, business
evidence here since the 19 century, and is also reflected
boosts, and it generates wealth creation with the help
th
of an entire economic sector that is linked in some way
complexes and industrial buildings are divided into 2
to olive groves: this can range from oil presses and oil
groups (factories for olive oil production and for olive
processors to tourism companies, utility companies
and companies that deal with residue obtained during in the structure of the town. The town has 20 industrial
soap and warehousing). Most of the industrial buildings
oil production and from the olives themselves that can were in operation from the 19 century until 1970.
th
204 be used to create biomass for energy purposes. This
may also involve universities and other institutions The site is proof of living witness to the traditions of olive
researching different ways of producing the main growing, olive oil production and complementary soap
products, or different ways of growing and harvesting production. The property, if the nomination is successful,
them. As in the case of hop processing, related industry will be an example of land use in an area where the
is essential for olive growing. This type of industry is population structure and over time, the olive processing
linked to obtaining olive oil and preparing olives technology have changed. The number of olive trees in
for human consumption - processes (e.g. stoning the adjoining landscape and the centuries-old tradition
and stuffing) which require a subsequent stage of of olive oil production were also reflected in the specific
industrial processing. The process also includes the buildings used for olive oil production, product storage
subsequent processing of certain by-products created and the entire structure of the town, which also became
during industrial processing, and these by-products an exporting port. The nomination will explain that olive
can provide us with other goods to sell on the market, production in this part of Turkey has created a cultural
for instance olive pomace oil, biomass for generating identity without parallel.
energy, organic fertilisers and cosmetic products."
Although the olive grove landscapes and the product
However, the social and production parallels end here itself are different from the hop field landscape in the
- having regard to the fact that olives are not dried, nominated area of the town of Žatec, partial parallels can
the post-harvest processing phase is much closer to be found within the Ayvalik Industrial Landscape project.
fruit-growing practices, and less so, to viticulture.
The processing of olives consists primarily of their This is another example of the fact that if there is a long
pressing into oil, which usually takes place in the tradition in a certain area, quality crops and related
region of their cultivation, whole olives of various sizes processes take place in an organized fashion in an urban
are also subject to modification for long-term use, i.e. location, where there are the prerequisites for direct
preserved, stored and traded. The weight and volume trade, then a strong cultural identity develops in that
characteristics of crops/olives do not decrease, even if place, regardless of nature of the crop.
secondary pressing produces a secondary mass. The
resulting products are therefore produced in olive- Ayvalik also has parallels in the societal awareness of
growing areas, in the same way as for wine, sugar cane the importance of such heritage, when (similarly to
and agave, coffee, tea and rice. the Prague suburb in Žatec) in the second half of the